Miranda v. Arizona

Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.

Gideon v. Wainwright

A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Tinker v. Des Moines

Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that the First Amendment does not protect all types of student speech in school.

freedom of the press

the right of journalists to publish the truth without restriction or penalty

freedom of assembly

the right to hold meetings and form groups without interference by the government; guaranteed in the First Amendment

Freedom of Petition

the right to present requests to the government without punishment.

eminent domain

Power of a government to take private property for public use.

Habeas Corpus

Having the evidence and charges to known to a person arrested

due process

fair treatment through the normal judicial system

Establishment Clause

Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion.

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

10th Amendment

Powers Reserved to the States

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolishes and prohibits slavery

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws. Defines the laws for citizenship.

15th Amendment (1870)

States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

Suffrage

the right to vote

precedent

How similar cases have been decided in the past.

Civil Disobedience

A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws.

Judicial Branch

Has the ability to rule something unconstitutional.

civil cases

Cases that have to do with money and non-criminal things.

In re Gault (1967)

Juveniles have a right to an attorney and other due process rights when there is a possibility of jail or prison.