gi exam 2 top 300 drugs

dabigatran brand

pradaxa

dabigatran class

anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor

dabigatran dose

150 mg PO BID

dabigatran BBW

Upon premature discontinuation, the risk of thrombotic events is increased. If dabigatran must be discontinued for a reason other than pathological bleeding or completion of a course of therapy, consider the use of another anticoagulant during the time of interruption

loperamide brand

imodium

loperamide class

GI, antidiarrheal

loperamide dose

PO Loading dose: 4 mg followed by 2 mg after each loose stool up to 16 mg/day

loperamide BBW

[BBW]: Torsade's de pointes and sudden death; Abuse potential

heparin brand

heparin

heparin class

anticoagulant

heparin dose

Thromboembolism prophylaxis SC: 5000 units every 8- 12 hours Treatment of thromboembolism IV: 80 units/kg IV push followed by continuous infusion of 18 units/kg/hour

heparin contraindications

Severe thrombocytopenia Uncontrolled active bleeding History of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

metronidazole brand

flagyl

metronidazole class

nitroimidazole, first generation

metronidazole uses

bacterial infections, amebiasis

metronidazole MOA

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

metronidazole dose

500 mg q8hr

metronidazole contraindications

first trimester pregnancy, alcohol use during or 14 days after use

metronidazole BBW

carcinogenic in mice, avoid unnecessary use

amoxicillin brand

amoxil, moxatag

amoxicillin class

penicillin antibiotic (beta-lactam)

amoxicillin uses

bacterial infections

amoxicillin MOA

inhibits cell wall synthesis

amoxicillin dose

250-500 mg q8h

amoxicillin contraindications

allergy to any beta-lactam antibiotics

amoxicillin bbw

none

meclizine brand

antivert

meclizine class

antihistamines, 1st generation

meclizine uses

vertigo, motion sickness

meclizine MOA

suppresses vestibular end-organ receptors and inhibits activation of central cholinergic pathways

meclizine dose

25-100 mg/day in divided doses

meclizine contraindications

none

meclizine bbw

none

ondansetron brand

zofran

ondansetron class

5HT3 receptor antagonist

ondansetron uses

nausea and vomiting

ondansetron MOA

selectively antagonizes serotonin 5HT3 receptors

ondansetron dose

4-8 mg PO/IV q8h prn

ondansetron contraindications

congenital long QT syndrome

ondansetron BBW

none

dicyclomine brand

bentyl

dicyclomine class

anticholinergic

dicyclomine uses

IBS

dicyclomine MOA

antagonizes acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, relaxes smooth muscle, inhibits bradykinin and histamine induced muscle spasms

dicyclomine dose

20-40 mg PO QID

dicyclomine contraindications

patients < 6 months, unstable CV status, glaucoma, ulcerative colitis, obstructive GI disease

dicyclomine BBW

none

polyethylene glycol brand

glycolax, miralax

polyethylene glycol class

osmotic laxative

polyethylene glycol uses

constipation

polyethylene glycol MOA

causes water retention in stool

polyethylene glycol dose

17 g PO QD

polyethylene glycol contraindications

GI obstruction, known or suspected

polyethylene glycol BBW

none

promethazine brand

phenergan

promethazine class

antihistamine, 1st generation; antiemetic

promethazine uses

allergy, motion sickness, nausea/vomiting, sedation

promethazine MOA

antagonizes central and peripheral H1 receptors, also possesses anticholinergic properties resulting in antiemetic and sedative effects

promethazine dose

6.25-25 mg TID-QID prn

promethazine contraindications

patients < 2 years old, respiratory depression, comatose patients, SC injection

promethazine BBW

contraindicated in patients under 2 - injection can cause severe tissue damage, caution advised

docusate brand

colace, surfak

docusate class

emollient laxative

docusate uses

short-term constipation

docusate MOA

facilitates the mixing of stool fats and water

docusate dose

50-300 mg/day divided QD-BID; 240 mg QD

docusate contraindications

fecal impaction, appendicitis, GI obstruction

docusate BBW

none

apixaban brand

eliquis

apixaban class

anticoagulant; factor Xa inhibitor, DOAC

apixaban uses

stroke prophylaxis, thromboembolism

apixaban MOA

factor Xa inhibitor, inhibiting blood coagulation

apixaban dose

5 mg PO BID

apixaban contraindications

pregnancy, active bleeding, unstable pulmonary embolism

apixaban BBW

increased risk when stopped too soon. risk of hematoma with epidural or spinal puncture

warfarin brand

coumadin, jantoven

warfarin class

anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist

warfarin uses

DVT/PE treatment and prophylaxis, thromboembolism/stroke prophylaxis, ischemic stroke

warfarin MOA

inhibits vitamin K dependent coagulation factor synthesis

warfarin dose

individualized

warfarin contraindications

pregnancy, active bleeding, blood dyscrasias, spinal puncture

warfarin BBW

risk of major bleeding - must monitor closely

rivaroxaban brand

xarelto

rivaroxaban class

anticoagulant; factor Xa inhibitor, DOAC

rivaroxaban uses

thromboembolism, stroke prophylaxis, DVT prophylaxis

rivaroxaban dose

10-20 mg PO QD

rivaroxaban contraindications

major bleeding, acute pulmonary embolism, prosthetic heart valve, pregnancy

rivaroxaban BBW

increased thrombotic and stroke risk if treatment is discontinued prior to completion. hematoma risk with spinal puncture