jahodas ideal mental health

- self actualisation

- good self esteem

- realistic view of the world

- independent of other people

jahoda eval

- culture bound to places interested in self actualisation and independence

- it presents a very high standard and may make people discouraged

- a checklist we can measure ourselves against

statistical infrequency eval

• easy and useful way to objectively compare people

• used already like how you need an iq below 70 to be diagnosed with an intellectual disability disorder

• however being unusual doesn’t necessarily make you abnormal or in need of help, eg someone with very high iq 130+ as abnormal

• some people just past the cutoff may be in need of help too

deviation from social norms eval

• already used, like how antisocial personality disorder is diagnosed through seeing if the patient fails to conform to culturally normal ethical behaviour

• however social norms vary greatly between cultures which can lead to false diagnoses due to ethnocentrism

• dfsn has been used to oppress groups of people, like ‘nymphomania’ being invented to stigmatise women’s sexuality

failure to function eval

• represents a sensible threshold to get help. we all experience mental health struggles at some point but it’s not usually severe enough to warrant serious intervention

• can be hard to decide when someone is failing to function or choosing to live deviating from social norms. like skydiving as an adrenaline seeking activity is arguably very dangerous and you would fit the criteria of your behaviour being harmful to yourself

watson and rayner (1920)

- little albert

- made a loud noise whenever he touched a white rat until he associated the rat with the scary noise

watson and rayner eval

- supports theory of classical conditioning

- doesn't explain generic phobias like fire

becks negative triad

negative view of world, self and future

beck eval

- cognitive vulnerability assessments have been used in cbt assessments

- doesn't explain everything depressed people can experience like hallucinatiins

ellis abc model

- external activating event, irrational beliefs, consequences of these beliefs

ellis eval

- only explains reactive depression and not endogenous depression which is not traceable

- a bit victim blamey

- part of rational emotive behaviour therapy which tries to reverse irrational beliefs

becks cbt and ellis rebt

cbt - identifying and challenging automatic negative thoughts related to the triad

treats client as the scientist

rebt - dispute irrational thoughts

empirical arguing to see if there is actual evidence for the thoughts

cbt and rebt eval

- talking therapy is self motivating so isn't good for severe case patients

- in a study 42% relapsed after six months of ending treatment

- 81% of people on just drugs and 86% of people on drugs and cbt saw significant improvement

nestadt (2010)

- 68% of monozygotic twins shared OCD vs 31% dizygotic twins