Ap Psych: Unit 2

To find the best route to work, Vlad identified all routes and eliminated options one-by-one. Which of the following did Vlad use?

Convergent thinking

Your teacher asks how many uses you can think of for a pencil. She is testing your

divergent thinking.

Dr. Jablonski conducted a study in which she measured the amount of time it took for participants to categorize one of two actions as discrimination: (1) failing to hire someone who appeared to be White or (2) failing to hire someone who appeared to be Black. The median amount of time it took participants to categorize action 1 as discrimination was 3 seconds, and the median amount of time it took participants to categorize action 2 as discrimination was 1 second.

Which psychological concept is Dr. Jablonski most likely interested in measuring in this scenario?

Prototypes

Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest woman. He looks for examples of her giving to charity and ignores her ethics violations, which have recently been in the news. Even after she is arrested and sent to jail, Thom still believes that the congresswoman is an honest person.

When Thom looks for examples of his congresswoman giving to charity, while ignoring her ethics violations, he is being affected by

confirmation bias.

Jarvis has found himself purchasing meat labeled as "80 percent lean" more often than meat labeled as "20 percent fat," even though the meat is the same. Which psychological concept best applies to this scenario?

Framing

After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, Odessa felt more afraid that her children would be kidnapped, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following psychological concepts best applies to this scenario?

Availability heuristic

Bre generates, organizes, plans, and implements goal- directed behavior to complete her homework on time. What are these cognitive skills called?

Executive functions

Many students underestimate the time it will take to complete an assignment because they succumb to the planning fallacy. This fallacy is rooted in which cognitive bias?

Overconfidence

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

Recall

Dr. Wallobee wants to conduct a study demonstrating that damage to the hippocampus causes people to have difficulty forming explicit memories.

Which of the following would be the most appropriate operational definition for Dr. Wallobee's dependent variable in this study?

Remembering a recent vacation

Meloni's boss gave her the phone number, including the area code, of a client she needed to call. As Meloni goes to enter the number into the contacts list on her phone, she finds that she cannot remember all the numbers in the right order.

Being 10 digits long, the number is beyond Miller's working memory capacity

Which of the following is an example of a flashbulb memory?

Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military deployment, because the day was very emotional for her.

John has noticed that he does better on his chemistry exams when he takes them in the same seat in which he sits during class than when he sits in a different seat for exams. Assuming that John is properly prepared for exams, what psychological concept best explains the difference in his scores?

Context-dependent memory

Which of the following is an example of the serial position effect?

Remembering the beginning and end of your grocery list but not the items in the middle

Which of the following involves accessing memory through recognition?

A multiple choice question

Dani is at a meeting where everyone goes around the table and introduces themselves. By the end, Dani can only remember the names of the last two people who introduced themselves. This is an example of which concept?

Recency effect

Janis volunteered to participate in a psychology experiment. When she arrives at the lab, a lab assistant standing on the other side of a counter greets her. The lab assistant explains the informed consent procedure and asks her to sign the form. As the lab assistant reaches for the form he drops it behind the counter. He drops down behind the counter to pick up the form, but, unbeknownst to Janis, another person stands up holding the form. After Janis signs the form, she is asked if she noticed the change. She replies that she did not. This phenomenon is known as:

change blindness.

Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass the AP Psychology Exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of

the spacing effect.

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

Louis can remember his past but nothing since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

Suzanne gets a new phone number. Each time she tries to give someone the new number, she gives her old one instead. The fact that her old number is causing difficulty in her remembering of the new one is an example of

proactive interference.

Marcus solves reasoning problems quickly. What form of intelligence is he most strongly demonstrating?

Fluid intelligence

Test developers often define uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparing individuals' scores with the performance of a pretested group. Which of the following best describes this process?

Standardization

Which of the following is the best example of an aptitude test?

Sherjeel takes the ACT to gain college admission.

The SAT has a +.82 correlation with general intelligence test scores. Based on this information, which statement is most accurate?

As SAT scores increase, so do general intelligence test scores.

To accurately define the Flynn effect, which of the following should Declan say in his presentation?

There is a rise in intelligence test performance over time and across cultures.

Choose which variable is described in the following statement: "Fifty percent to 80 percent of the variation in intelligence test scores in a group can be explained by genetic variation."

Heritability

There is a greater correlation between the IQ scores of identical twins raised together than for fraternal twins raised together. What conclusion can be drawn from this finding?

There is a genetic effect on intelligence.

Dr. Yolay wants to conduct a study on how the demographic characteristics of a test administrator impact the performance on an intelligence test among a group of 8-year-old girls. After the girls draw either the number 1 or the number 2 from a hat, she assigns the girls to either (1) take the test with a man as the test administrator or (2) take the test with a woman as the test administrator.

Dr. Yolay determined that the gender of the test administrator caused the performance of the girls to differ. What technique did Dr. Yolay employ to be able to make this assertion?

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