bryophytes- chapter 16

2n

sporophyte: n or 2n

n

gametophyte: n or 2n

meiosis

does a sporophyte produce spores by mitosis or meiosis

mitosis

spore become a gametophyte: mitosis or meiosis

male/female gametophytes

what do spores become

sperm cells/egg cells

what cells do male/female gametophytes become

mitosis

gametophyte→sperm/egg cell: mitosis or meiosis

zygote

what does the sperm and egg cell become

diploid

zygote: diploid or haploid

sporophyte

what does a zygote produce

mitosis

zygote to sporophyte: mitosis or meiosis

meiosis

change from sporophyte to gametophyte generation is result of

fertilization

change from gametophyte to sporophyte usually occurs as a result of __________

moss, liverwort, hornwort

what are bryophytes

bryophytes

what were the first land plants

400 million years

how long have bryophytes existed

mycorrhizal fungi

what do bryophyte phyla have associated with their rhizoids

nonvascular (no true xylem or phloem)

are bryophytes vascular or nonvascular

hydroids

water-conducting cells in bryophytes

leptoids

food-conducting cells in bryophytes

gametophyte (haploid)

what is dominant in bryophytes: sporophyte or gametophyte

peat moss (sphagnum)

why type of bryophyte is ecologically important in bogs for carbon storage

hepaticophyta

what phylum does liverworts belong too

thalli (thallus)

most common liverworts have flattened, lobed ________

thalli

what is the gametophyte stage made up of in liverwort structure

30 cells thick

how thick is the thallus at the midrib

immature gametophyte (protonema)

what do liverwort spores produce when they germinate

a young gametophyte

what is a protonema

marchantia

what genus are have the best known thalloid liverworts

thick thallus that forks dichotomously as it grows

marchantia thallus description

parenchyma cells with few chloroplasts

what does the thick thallus of marchantia consist of

unisexual

type of gametophyte reproduction in machantia

gametangia

what does the marchantia male gametophores bear

gamete producing structure

what is a gametangia

antheridia

what is gametangia called in male structures

archegonia

what is gametangia called in female structures

asexual reproduction

what type of reproduction does the production of gemmae have (marchantia)

new gametophytes

what do gemmae give rise to

gemma cups

what are gemmae of marchantia contained in

a foot, a short seta (stalk) and a capsule (sporangia)

what does the foot of merchantia consist of

sporophytes

what does the foot of marchantia anchor

meiosis

what do sporocytes (2n) in a marchantia capsule undergo to produce haploid spores

haploid spores

what do sporocytes in a marchantia capsule produce when they undergo meiosis

anthocerophyta

what phylum do hornworts belong to

hornworts

what plant has mature sporophytes that look like miniature greenish-blackish rods

100 species

how many species of hornworts are there worldwide

mucilage

what is hornwort thalli pores and cavities filed with

nitrogen fixing bacteria

what does hornwort mucilage contain

fragmentation, separation of lobes from thallus

hornwort asexual reproduction

hornwort sexual reproduction

archegonia and antheridia are produced in rows beneath upper surface of gametophytes: plant + reproduction type

Bryophyta

what phylum does moss belong to

9500

how many species of moss are there

peat, true, granite

three classes of Bryophyta (moss)

mesophyll tissue, stomata, or veins

“leaves” of moss have no ____, ____, ______

one-cell thick

how thick are the blades of moss

no

are blades of moss divided or lobed

a capsule and a seta

what does a moss sporophyte consist of

a lid and operculum

what does a moss capsule of sporophyte have

formation of gametangia at the tips o fleafy gametophytes

what does moss sexual reproduction begin with and where

pioneer species of primary succession, indicators of surface water, packing material

what is the human/ecological relevance of Bryophyta (3)

soil conditioner, poultice material, fuel

what is the human/ecological relevance of peat moss (3)

sphagnum

what is scientific name of peat moss

tannic acid

what prevents decay with peat moss

male: disk like
female: looks like an umbrella

differences in thalli structure
male:

female:

elater

what structure in sporophyte in marchantia is an elongated fiber like structure, twist around and push spore out of capsule to help release them and disperse them

the venter

where does fertilization take place in marchantia

young sporophyte

what does an embryo form in a archegonia head

sporophytes

where do mature spores come from in marchantia life cycle

antheridial head
archegonia head

what does a male gametophyte become in marchantia life cycle

what does a female gametophyte become in marchantia life cycle

water, splashes onto archegonia head and up neck into venter

how does sperm get from antheridial head to archegonia head in marchantia

inside the capsule of a mature sporophyte

where are spores creates in moss life cycle